Understanding Down Syndrome

14% VTRA participants have Down Syndrome, a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). It is one of the most common chromosomal differences and affects development in several ways.

Key Characteristics of Down Syndrome: 

• Cognitive differences: Participants may learn more slowly or need more time to process information. 

• Low muscle tone (hypotonia): This can affect balance, coordination, and strength. You might notice differences in how participants sit in the saddle or move on/off the horse. 

• Speech and communication challenges: Some individuals may be verbal, others may use gestures, signs, or communication devices. 

• Medical considerations: Some may have heart conditions, vision or hearing challenges, and importantly—atlantoaxial instability (AAI). This is a neck condition that requires medical clearance before riding and could mean the participant is only eligible for unmounted programs (Stable Management or Cart Driving). 

How can you help? Use clear, simple instructions one step at a time. Give extra time for participants to respond or initiate. Use visuals, gestures, or demonstration when helpful. Offer choices when appropriate: “Do you want to hold the reins or the handle?” Encourage independence, but don’t rush. Be encouraging and patient — repetition and consistency build confidence and success. Keep things positive and concrete: e.g., instead of "Don't slouch", say "Sit up tall like a tree." Participants with Down syndrome often bring enthusiasm, warmth, and a strong desire to connect. With the right support, they thrive in the structured, sensory-rich environment that equine-assisted services offer.