Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

36% of our participants at VTRA are on the Autism Spectrum. Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate, interact, and experience the world around them. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Autism is called a "spectrum" because it presents very differently from person to person. Some individuals may be verbal and social, others may use few or no words. Some love movement and connection, others may need more space and predictability.

Common characteristics include:

• Differences in social communication and interaction.

• Repetitive behaviors or intense interests (sometimes called “stimming”).

• A need for predictability and routine.

• Sensitivities to sound, touch, light, or movement.

• Challenges with flexibility, transitions, or abstract instructions.

How can you help?

• Use concrete language: Instead of “quiet hands,” say “put your hands on the saddle.”

• Use priming/alerting words before giving directions: “Ready? Walk on.”

• Allow for processing time – after giving a cue, wait! Try counting silently to five before repeating.

• Be consistent. Predictable routines reduce anxiety.

• Use visual or physical cues when possible (e.g., pointing, gentle gestures).

• Avoid over-prompting — encourage initiation and independence when it’s safe and appropriate.

• Respect sensory preferences: some participants may not want to be touched or may need more space.

Remember: just because someone isn’t speaking doesn’t mean they aren’t listening, understanding, or thinking deeply. With patience and understanding, your support can help build trust and connection—and make the experience meaningful for everyone involved.